Urbanization results from the increased inclination of people to migrate from rural to urban areas to have greater access to better healthcare and economic facilities. Urbanization significantly influences the environment in a number of ways as it alters ecosystem streams, causing habitat loss and biodiversity decline...

As the global population surges toward 9.7 billion by 2050, the challenge of feeding this growing populace while addressing environmental concerns and meeting rising consumer demands for animal welfare becomes increasingly complex. Livestock, contributing significantly to protein consumption and agricultural income, plays a pivotal role...

Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) globally involves the illicit commercialization of wild plants and animals, posing threats to animal welfare, public health, and ecological stability. CITES data reveal millions of live animals from diverse species are annually exported, contributing to biodiversity loss, species decline, and extinctions...

Unquestionably, diseases that spread from animals to people, known as zoonoses, have caused epidemics in humans. However, we rarely consider the possibility that the way we treat animals may have contributed to these outbreaks or whether better care may have stopped them from starting in the first place...